Drug Abuse and Addiction Essay - 1324 Words

Drugs affect people in many different ways. One person can take abuse drugs, yet never become addicted, while another person has one experience and is immediately hooked to that drug. Drug addiction is defined as a dependence on an illegal drug, or medication. When you are addicted, you cannot control your drug use despite the fact that you know the consequences. The scary thing is that drug addiction can cause a major intense craving of drugs. Even though you want to stop, most people can’t do it on their own it is very difficult, and most need therapeutic help. For many people this is what is going to lead them to their death, or a long term mental/physical disability. Being addicted will also affect your relationships with friends and†¦show more content†¦For example, some people will get addicted and need to keep relying on the drug. When they are hooked onto that drug, becoming a drug abuser, that person will start neglecting his or her own responsibilities and s tart delving into illegal activities. Not only are they affecting themselves, but they begin to hurt family members, friends, and the greater society. Because you have lost yourself too deeply into the drugs, you cannot control yourself; your life basically revolves around the drug. When experimenting with drugs, you are running a risk factor for developing more serious drug abuse habits which lead to health and behavioral consequences. It all depends on what drug one is addicted to, but there is no illegal drug that does not have serious consequences. Taking a recreational drug causes a surge in levels of dopamine in the brain, which trigger feelings of pleasure, which is considered getting â€Å"stoned.† The brain remembers those feelings and wants them repeated all over again. If you become addicted, the substance takes on the same significance as other survival behaviors, such as eating and drinking. It also changes one’s brain, interfering with one’s ability to thinkShow MoreRelatedDrug Abuse And Drug Addiction1257 Words   |  6 Pages Drugs had been existing since the early 15th century and society has confronted drug abuse and addiction ever since. In the modern world, drug abuse has become a problem for many individuals do to traumatic experiences, mental disorders, peer pressure and personal problems. For every addiction there is always a solution, professional assistance can help a drug addict get control of his/her life once again. Drug rehabilitation programs can be essential for drug addicts only if the victims are committedRead MoreDrug Abuse And Addiction : Drugs977 Words   |  4 PagesDrug abuse/addiction Jeremy Graham May 11, 2015 Period, 5 Drug abuse and addiction Drug abuse/addiction is a major problem in Indiana that affects many individual. Several solutions such as rehab and drug classes have been tried. Yet, the best solution is taking drug classes. Many people do not understand why people become addicted to drugs or how drugs change the brain to foster compulsive drug abuse. They mistakenly view drug abuse and addiction as strictly a socialRead MoreDrug Addiction And Drug Abuse1401 Words   |  6 PagesAn Essay on Drug Addiction and Drug Abuse Introduction: The terms drug addiction and drug abuse are often used interchangeably. However, they are in fact two separate situations. Drug abuse generally leads a person down the path toward drug addiction, but not every individual who abuses drugs becomes an addict. The definition of drug abuse continues to change because the term is subjective and infused with the political and moral values of the society or culture one lives in. An exampleRead MoreDrug Abuse and Addiction851 Words   |  4 PagesDrug Abuse and Addiction, Problems amp; Solutions in Turkey Drug Abuse and Addiction, Problems amp; Solutions in Turkey Abdullah Furkan Kaya Ä °stanbul Åžehir University 30.4.2012 Drug abuse is an addiction, which has different substance types and can ruin people’s life or even cause death. People use it for variety of reasons such as getting away from their bothers or getting high. Approximately 200 million people abusing drugs, most of them are addicted in the world. This number isRead MoreDrug Abuse And Drug Addiction775 Words   |  4 Pages Drug Abuse Treatment 6.15 6.23 6.49 6.73 7.21 7.55 7.66 7.85 7.89 8.83 Percentage of Total Funding 30.9% 30.2% 29.9% 30.8% 29.0% 30.7% 31.4% 32.0% 31.3% 35.0% Drug Abuse Prevention 2.04 1.96 1.93 1.84 1.95 1.56 1.48 1.34 1.28 1.28 Percentage of Total Funding 10.3% 9.5% 8.9% 8.4% 7.8% 6.3% 6.1% 5.5% 5.1% 5.1% Total Demand Reduction 8.19 8.19 8.43 8.57 9.16 9.11 9.14 9.19 9.16 10.10 Percentage of Total Funding 41.2% 39.7% 38Read MoreDrug Abuse And Addiction1261 Words   |  6 PagesDrug Abuse and Addiction Individuals are well on the way to begin drug abuse including alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and many more drugs which are illegal. It has been seen that most affected category falls under the effect of drug abuse is adolescence and young adulthood. The percentage of senior students during their high school, who will have tried alcohol is 70 percent in the ratio and 40 percent of them start smoking and nearly 20 percent of them start taking prescription drugs. (National InstituteRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drug Abuse Essay1615 Words   |  7 Pages this drug is extremely addictive and has been illegal in the United States for many years. Although many individuals seem to discover a way to obtain this very lethal drug. Even though, heroin is highly addictive and used by choice by an individual with a drug addiction; the number of deaths from Heroin is escalating daily, to the point where more than 26 overdoses in one day maybe even more. This epidemic needs to be put to a halt. Despite the fact the focus was on prescription addiction increaseRead MorePaper Drug Abuse Drug Addiction1403 Words   |  6 PagesKeisha Ellis Drug Abuse Drug Addiction SOC 203 Social Problems Instructor Ely May 11, 2015 Numerous individuals do not comprehend why individuals get to be dependent on drugs or how drugs can change the mind to cultivate enthusiastic drug abuse. They erroneously view drug misuse and dependence as entirely a social issue and may describe the individuals who take drugs as ethically powerless (Alving, Matyas, Torres, Jalah, Beck, 2014). One extremely regular belief is that drugs abusersRead MoreAddiction : Drug Abuse, Tolerance, And Addiction2246 Words   |  9 PagesAddiction is a worldwide disease that is not discriminatory against whom it affects. People take drugs because they want to change something in their lives; â€Å"They thinks drugs are a solution. But eventually, drugs become the problem† (â€Å"Truth About Drug Addiction†). This leads people to wonder, What is addiction? Are there treatments for addiction? There are four common steps on the pathway to addiction: drug abuse, tolerance, dependence, and last but not least addiction. (Advert: Substa nce AbuseRead MoreDrug Abuse And The Consequences Of Drug Addiction1593 Words   |  7 PagesDrug addiction has become prevalent in our societies today such as the use of heroin. Using Marc, Lewis (2011) text â€Å"Memoirs of an Addicted Brain: A Neuroscientist Examines his Former Life on Drugs† this paper focuses on drug abuse, heroin, and the consequences that the users face as they battle their addiction and related problems. In the text, chapter 8 provides a significant background and overview of Heroin as a drug, hence major section of this paper will rely on facts provided within this chapter

The Theory Of Morality And Justice - 995 Words

In the world of philosophy, the ideas of both morality and justice have their place amongst the ideas and theories that philosophers hold. The term â€Å"morality†, which is typically used to describe a code of conduct put in place by society with regard to having good character and doing the â€Å"right† thing as opposed to doing the â€Å"wrong† thing. The idea of morality is unique in that the ways that society places such an importance on in distinguishing between right and wrong, such as the law or etiquette, are detached from typical moral standards. Another interesting point surrounding the idea of morality is that one would assume justice is always moral, but as Thomas Nagel points out, this may not always be the case. With this in mind, I will assess Nagel’s argument that it is fair to tax those who are wealthier, more talented, luckier, etc. in order to reduce inequalities by redistributing taxes to those less fortunate. Nagel presents many exam ples of how what is morally right and wrong does not always coincide with the rules and laws set forth. One of theses examples includes the idea that even though segregation was at one point a law, it still was not morally right (Nagel 1987, 59). As the law is often based off of moral conduct, the law is often challenged and eventually changed on the basis of morality (Bernard 1). Though it is typically considered less important, the rules of etiquette are sometimes related to that of morality. Etiquette involves rules such as how peopleShow MoreRelatedCriminal Justice : Kohlberg s Morality Theory Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice: Kohlberg’s Morality Theory Introduction Human beings have strived to find ways in which they can enhance their coexistence within the societies where they live. Peace and tranquility are may be rare if structures are not put in place to help control delinquent behaviors that are likely to be shown where different people from various social and cultural backgrounds exist. Crime and delinquency threaten humans’ existence. Certain behaviors are abhorred by various societies becauseRead MoreAristotle And Kant s Theory Of Justice1327 Words   |  6 PagesImmanuel Kant is essentially to compare modern philosophy to classic philosophy. Aristotle’s theory of justice links together ethics and politics; while Kant’s theory of justice is based on strictly defined principles of morality. Modern philosopher Michael J. Sandel provides a detailed analysis of each theory in his book Justice: What’s the Right Thing to do? Although the key features of Aristotle’s and Kant’s theories are mostly diff erent in nature, there are also some key similarities between the twoRead MoreHume Versus Kant Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pagestwo differing views on morality. Humes philosophy regarding moral theory came from the belief that reason alone can never cause action. Desire or thoughts cause action. Because reason alone can never cause action, morality is rooted in us and our perception of the world and what we want to gain from it. Virtue arises from acting on a desire to help others. Humes moral theory is therefore a virtue-centered morality rather than the natural-law morality, which saw morality as coming from God. KantsRead MoreEthics And The Separation Of Law And Morals1257 Words   |  6 Pages Law and morality work together to guide our behavior; while law does it by punishing us if we do something wrong, morality does it through incentives. In their articles, both H.L.A Hart in â€Å"Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals,† and Lon Fuller’s reply to professor Hart in â€Å"Positivism and Fidelity to Law,† discuss the concept of law post world war II Germany and their re-imagining of natural law as put forth by Gustav Radbruch’s theory. In this paper, I hope to show how both law and moralityRead MoreFeminist Thought and Ethics of Care Essay993 Words   |  4 PagesWhile ethics theories often focus on justice, care, an equally valid moral perspective, is usually disregarded because of male bias. The two perspectives are often pleasant-sounding, but a need for care point of view precedence exists. While truth is evident in both these statements, the problem of distinguishing between them becomes apparent soon after. Many feminist look t o psychologist Carol Gilligans research for evidence to confirm the difference between characteristically male and femaleRead MoreEssay on Justice1493 Words   |  6 PagesEssay on Justice ‘Justice is such an elusive concept that it hardly seems worthwhile for a legal system to strive to achieve it’. Justice is something that we all want from a Law and believe should be an integral part in any legal system. However, the meaning of Justice is very difficult to define. There are many aspects of justice that we may question about; i.e. is a particular law just? Is the legal system just? Much of the issue of justice is very controversialRead MoreUtilitarianism V. 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FirstlyRead MoreThe Concepts of Law, Authority and Justice Essays1187 Words   |  5 PagesThe Concepts of Law, Authority and Justice Laws in this sense mean prescriptive legal rules, as opposed to descriptive patterns of cause and effect in nature. They are the laws of society’s making, rather than the laws of science. There are certain characteristics of these laws; they are designed and implicated by society for society, they reflect the conventions of the society which generates them, they are prescriptive which means that their members of that society

Factors Examined by Fama and French to Explain Stock Returns

Questions: 1.How did the Researchers in the Article Rethinking Stock Returns define value versus growth stocks? What Relevance did their findings have on Investing? 2.What Factors did Fama and French Examine that may Explain Stock Returns? 3.The CAPM is built on a Single Measure of Risk that Explains Asset Returns. What Measures of Risk did Fama and French Conclude were Necessary to Explain Stock Returns? 4.Describe the CAPM Model and the Fama and French Model and the Implications of these Models for Investors. Answers: 1.Defining value versus growth and providing the findings on investment: The researcher in the article mainly depicted that value stocks provided higher return than growth stocks in major developed countries. In addition, the researcher also pointed out that growth stocks have low book value compared to its market value. However, value stocks have low market value, while its book value is higher. The researcher mainly stated that investors by using value stock are able to attain more return from investment (Fama and French 2016). Moreover, the researcher mainly used 13 different developed countries to understand the impact of value stock on return of investors. In addition, the research findings mainly depicted that value stock are able to provide higher return in comparison to growth stocks. From 1975 to 1995, value stock outperformed in 12 out of 13 developed countries. 2.Depicting the factors examined by Fama and French to explain stock returns: Fama and French have mainly identified three factors, which could be used in underrating the return provide by stocks. In addition, Fama and French mainly used the three factors model with the coefficient for identifying the risk and return from investment. Furthermore, Fama and French mainly used price earnings ratio, firm size, book to market equity and leverage to understand the return, which might be provided by companies. However, the researcher mainly identified book to market ratios and size of the firms as most viable factors for identifying stocks with high returns (Fama and French 2016). However, none of the actors used by the Fama and French was highly significant in predicting returns from investment. 3.Depicting the risk measures used by Fama and French to explain the stock returns: Fama and French model mainly used effective risk measures, which could identify the probability of the return provided from investment. In addition, the first risk measure is the market sensitivity, which could be captured by using the CAPM method. The CAPM method mainly helps in identifying the beta of stock in comparison with market return. The second risk measure, which is used by Fama and French, is size of the organisation. Moreover, small companies have higher risk and thus it needs to provide higher return to its investors. The final measure used is the value versus growth from stocks (Fama 2015). The identification of higher value stock could effectively help in generating increased retune from investment. 4.Depicting the implication of CAPM model and the Fama and French model for investors: The first implication of CAPM model is that it is very simplistic, as it ignores the additional risk, which might hinder return from investment. In addition, the second implication is that value stock provides higher returns than growth stocks. Moreover, implications of CAPM model could mainly help the investors in effectively identify the adequate stock with lowest risk and highest return (Cakici 2015). The implication of Fama and French models is that it mainly helps investor in effectively identifying the stock, whose growth could increase in future. The use of market sensitivity, company size and value stocks. Proving summary of the objective and the reason behind choosing Fama-French model in the academic paper: Journal used for depicting academic paper Fama- French model: Pereira, J., Sorwar, G. and Nurullah, M., 2015. Application of the Fama and French Factor Models to the Credit Default Swaps (CDS) Market. Summary of the objective: The researcher in the above academic paper mainly applied Fama and French, three-factor (3F) and five-factor (5F) models to the CDS market. In addition, the researcher mainly uses daily spreads to perform the tests in the research. Moreover, main aim of the researcher is to test the external validity of Fama and French model. The use of CDS market is mainly appropriate to test the impact of Fama and French model in deriving risk and return. Furthermore, the researcher mainly uses data from previous crisis, crisis, and post crisis for detecting the relevant impact of Fama and French model. Moreover, the research mainly uses 25 portfolios for analysing the returns that could be provided from Fama and French model. Barbalau et al. (2015) mentioned that investors are not able to rely on theoretical approach during an economic crisis, as risk or return from investment could not be detected in liquidating market. In addition, the researcher in literature review mainly depicted the formula, which is been used in CAPM model. In addition, the researcher efficiently uses the overall estimation of 3 and 5 factor model to understand its impact on return generation. Furthermore, the Fama and French Model mainly use estimation as if Size based portfolios, Book-to-market portfolios, Investment portfolios, Profitability, and Investment. Moreover, the estimation is mainly useful in depicting 3 and 5 factor model for addressing the overall returns generated from investment. Eraslan (2013) stated that using the Fama French factor model could mainly help investors in identifying stocks, which could contribute the least risk and generate higher return from investment. Furthermore, the researcher in analysis section mainly used 25 portfolio for identifying the returns, which is been provided by Fama and French model in specific market conditions. In addition, Fama and French model did not provide positive return pre and during the economic crisis, whereas post crisis the portfolio provided adequate return. This only indicates that Fama and French model is an effective tool, which allows the investor to understand the risk and return from investment. Moreover, the researcher mainly used the portfolio to understand the correlation between return and risk. The researcher has also used 3 and 5 factor Fama and French model in the study to detect efficiency of the methods. On the other hand, Barillas and Shanken (2015) argued that Fama and French model does not allow investors to quantify the risk from external factors, which could reduce return and increase risk from investment. Depicting the main reason behind choosing Fama and French model in the academic research: The main reason behind choosing Fama and French model in the research is to understand the impact of the model in improving return from investment. In addition, the researcher in empirical results chapter is mainly able to understand the 3F and 5F factor model for deriving the required results for the research. Moreover, the researcher by using the 3F and 5F factor Fama French model could effectively help in identifying the overall significance of its return generation capacity. The researcher also depicted that by using the Fama and French model it could identify the deficiencies of Capital Asset Price Model (CAPM). The Fama and French model is mainly developed for equity market, which could effectively allow investors to identify the return from investment. Buehlmaier and Whited (2016) stated that Fama and French model mainly allows investor to add stocks, which have the least risk and provide the highest return from investment. Moreover, the researcher mainly used CDS in deriving efficiency of the Fama and French model. The CDS price changes in the value of the risky and risk free bonds, which could mainly help in depicting the impact of Fama and French model. In addition, the return in CDS mainly reflects the new risk structure, which reduces the impact of CAPM method. In addition, the use of CDS mainly helped the researcher to reduce the impact of CAPM method in analysing the impact of Fama and French factors. The researcher mainly uses CDS returns, as it does not need to identify risk from investment. Thus, the actual impact to Fama and French model factors could be identified. Bharadwaj and Mitra (2016) stated that identification of an effective investment method could help the researcher to pinpoint relative methods, which could increase return from investment. Moreover, the Fama and French model is mainly used to identify the distress risk and default risk of the overall portfolio, as it might be helpful in making adequate investments. The researcher mainly aims in identifying the impact of risk on portfolio and return generation capacity of the investor. Furthermore, the researcher is mainly able to identify the relevant factors, which affect the overall Fama and French model in generating the required return from investment. in addition, the researcher in this study was mainly intended to understand the impact of each factors on performance of the portfolio, while using combinations and separate factors. This incorporation of different types of factors in portfolio could effectively help in identifying the most useful factors, which could be used by investors to increase their overall profitability. As depicted in the research impact and efficiency of investment models could be reduced during an economic crisis, which hinders ability of the investors to attain more profits (Buehlmaier and Whited 2015). Thus, the researcher in the article mainly aims in identifying the most viable factors in Fama and French model, which could be used in generating high returns for investor in CDS. Lastly, the researcher by using Fama and French model mainly aims in depicting its efficiency in comparison with CAPM model. References: Barbalau, A.D.E.L.I.N.A., Robotti, C.E.S.A.R.E. and Shanken, J., 2015.Testing inequality restrictions in multifactor asset-pricing models. Working paper, Imperial College London. Barillas, F. and Shanken, J., 2015.Comparing asset pricing models(No. w21771). National Bureau of Economic Research. Bharadwaj, S.G. and Mitra, D., 2016. Satisfaction (Mis) pricing Revisited: Real? Really Big?.Journal of Marketing,80(5), pp.116-121. Buehlmaier, M. and Whited, T.M., 2015. Looking for risk in words: A narrative approach to measuring the pricing implications of financial constraints. InAnnual Conference of the Western Finance Association (WFA). Buehlmaier, M.M. and Whited, T.M., 2016. Are Financial Constraints Priced? Evidence from Textual Analysis. Cakici, N., 2015. The five-factor Fama-French model: International evidence. Eraslan, V., 2013. Fama and French three-factor model: evidence from Istanbul stock exchange.Business and Economics Research Journal,4(2), p.11. Fama, E.F. and French, K.R., 2016. Dissecting anomalies with a five-factor model.Review of Financial Studies,29(1), pp.69-103. Fama, E.F. and French, K.R., 2016. International tests of a five-factor asset pricing model.Journal of Financial Economics. Fama, E.F., 2015. Cross-Section Versus Time-Series Tests of Asset Pricing Models. Jegadeesh, N., Noh, J., Pukthuanthong, K., Roll, R. and Wang, J.L., 2015. Empirical Tests of Asset Pricing Models with Individual Assets: Resolving the Errors-in-Variables Bias in Risk Premium Estimation. Pereira, J. and Sorwar, G. (n.d.). Application of the Fama and French Factor Models to the Credit Default Swaps (CDS) Market.SSRN Electronic Journal.

Tranformation of Emma Into Clueless Essay Example

Tranformation of Emma Into Clueless Essay Transformations of texts into new texts usually reinforce the same values, even though their context may be vastly different. The concept of transformation refers to any kind of change of a text. The change between the two texts is usually conducted in order for the text to be adapted into new text’s context. Transformation between two texts can be seen through character changes and social theme changes. The novel â€Å"Emma† is formed around Emma Wodehouse’s constricted social group and her journey of transformation from being an impulsive matchmaker who does not oblige to her social role, to an insightful lady with the correct social role and etiquette according to the novels context. â€Å"Clueless† is a modernized interpretation of â€Å"Emma†. The film was based in the opulent and superficial Beverly Hills. The film highlights Cher Horowitz change from an obnoxious, naive girl with a materialistic aim for popularity, into a mature lady with a greater sense of self and less materialistic needs. Both texts maintain the same themes that supports their respective societies and audience, even though there were changes in context and form between the two texts. Social structure is seen in both â€Å"Emma† and â€Å"Clueless† and the concept is maintained throughout both of the texts. Social structure is able to influence Emma’s perception of her surroundings and matchmaking skills. Cher’s amount of knowledge and actions towards the school cliques is also influenced by the concept of social structure. Emma† and â€Å"Clueless† both explore female gender roles in their appropriate context, highlighting the limited power and control of women in patriarchal societies. The theme of roles of women is demonstrated through the numerous women figures that help structure both â€Å"Emma† and â€Å"clueless† and the impact they have on both their perceptions and their self-awareness. Heckerling’s upholding of the themes that wer e originally depicted in ‘Emma’ that were transformed into ‘Clueless’ demonstrates the existence and acceptance of these notions in both contexts. We will write a custom essay sample on Tranformation of Emma Into Clueless specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tranformation of Emma Into Clueless specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tranformation of Emma Into Clueless specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ultimately, ‘Emma’ is transformed into ‘Clueless’ by using examples and techniques in order to display these comparative notions. Through comparison of the ways in which wealth and social structure (hierarchy) are examined in both texts, greater insight can be gained of these contexts, and the values and ideas they portray. Firstly, the theme of social structure is depicted in both ‘Emma’ and ‘Clueless’ through the direct comparison of the car scene in â€Å"Clueless† and the carriage scene in â€Å"Emma†. In â€Å"clueless†, Social structure can be highlighted in the scene after the Valley party when Elton gives Cher a lift home and attempts to kiss her. Cher abruptly backs away and questions Elton on the math she made between Elton and Tai to which he replies ‘Do you know who my father is? This rhetorical question portrays the idea that Elton’s father has a high social ranking and is in a high position in the social order. By Elton’s rhetorical question, he is suggesting that Cher would be a more suitable math for Elton and Cher is seen to be on a closer social level to Elton rather than Tai. Emma is left to share a carriage home with Mr Elton, because Harriet was not able to attend the ball. In the carriage, Mr Elton violently professes his love for her. Through Emma’s dialogue that was shifted from Emma’s narrated feelings, Austen highlights Emma’s surprise. Emma then exclaims ‘This to me! You forget yourself, you take me for my friend. ’ When Mr Elton professes his love for her as Emma had always thought that Harriet was the fittest match for him. Emma ends up feeling offended by his assumption that she would have similar feelings towards him as she believes she is of a higher class than Mr Elton. Emma’s bewilderment comes from the fact that he believes she would ‘lower’ herself to his standards. This is similar to Cher’s disgust for high-school boys. When Cher is asked if she has a high school boyfriend, she replies with ‘Oh, as if! ’ when Cher replies with this, it exaggerates her superficial views on relationships in the concept of social hierarchy. These references highlight both Cher and Emma’s materialistic and fake views on social status and reflects their poor amount of awareness, which ultimately contrasts with their prosperous social positions. Although the context and language has changed in both scenes, the theme ultimately remains the same. Using rhetorical questions and changing the narrative style to depict the theme of social structure, it is seen that both ‘Clueless’ and ‘Emma’ render the same themes and transfer them into their different contexts. Similarly, social structure is highlighted through the parallel between the actions of Cher’s and Emma’s matchmaking projects. When Emma accepts Harriet in the society which Emma is included in, her plans were to improve her social status by finding someone oh a higher social class than her. When the novel â€Å"Emma† is coming to an end, Harriet admits her feelings towards Mr Knightley. In the novels context, it was not seen fit for Harriet, someone with a much lower social class than Mr Knightley to be having feelings or associating on a close level with him. The theme of social structure is greatly evident in this chapter of the book, it is shown through Emma’s dialogue after Harriet confesses her love for Mr Knightley to Emma. When Emma states, in an exasperated manner ‘Mr Knightly and Harriet Smith! †¦ Could it be? No, it was impossible’, it can be seen that having Harriet and Mr Knightly together is a disturbance in the social hierarchy and class level. Austen’s satirical fixation with the social structure within the 19th century in England was somewhat reinforced by the statement in the novel that personas from lower or middle class could not marry or have close relation with personas within the high class or the high social group. This statement is portrayed in many ways, including Emma’s astonishment by the idea of Harriet and Mr Knightly, this was quite heretical in the novels context. Furthermore, Emma’s interests in Harriet are almost paralleled with Cher’s motivation to give Tai a makeover as Cher saw her as a ‘personal project’. Emma’s intentions are transformed into a modernized goal to relate with ‘Clueless’ audience. Tai’s make over from Cher involves changing Tai’s style and pronunciation to simply ‘improve’ her character and make her popular. Although this change will make Tai more accustomed to Cher’s social level, these changes are mostly beneficial to Cher, this notion is very similar to the Harriet’s welcoming into Highbury as it was mainly beneficial to Emma. When Tai meets Cher and Dionne and is immediately recommended a makeover, Dionne says, ‘it gives her a sense of control in a world full of chaos’ regarding to Cher’s need to improve Tai’s status and outlook. Cher’s need to adjust Tai’s lifestyle is almost symmetrical to Emma’s need of having to influence and make couples through her act of match making. In the film ‘Clueless’, a makeover is compared to a saviour from a ‘chaotic world’, this not only highlights the superficial and materialistic views of the 1990’s Beverly Hills, but also shows how much trouble Cher would go to, to improve Tai’s social level, trying to bring her to higher class and ‘popularity’. The transformations of social structure from ‘Emma’ to ‘Clueless’ has been disguised and depicted throughout the film as popularity. The notion of social structure was reinforced through hyperbolic references ultimately displaying very similar themes of social hierarchy =, structure and ‘popularity’ in both ‘Clueless’ and ‘Emma’. Greater understanding can be gained of the two text’s context by the comparison of the role of women between both ‘Emma’ and ‘Clueless’. The notion of the necessity of romantic love, marriage and the expectation of woman are all equally important themes in both texts. Although, these themes are evident throughout both ‘Emma’ and ‘Clueless’, they have been transformed from Emma’s context to suit the audience and the context of ‘Clueless’. The themes that are evident in both texts are constantly defined by gender. Austen’s narrative characteristic for the novel ‘Emma’ is an ironic and amused commentary conducted by the narrator when describing the character’s actions. In Austen’s novel, an early description of Emma’s character, narrated from Mrs Weston’s perspective, in fact is an ironic publicity of Emma’s faults. She could not think, without pain, of Emma’s losing a single pleasure, or suffering an hour’s ennui, from the want of her companionableness: but dear Emma was of no feeble character; she was more equal to her situation than most girls would have been† The irony of this part of text is that while Emma ultimately does not have any trouble finding new companions in her social group, her idea of companionship is to manipulate others into advantageous marriages. Furthermore, shown with this example is Emma’s obsession with marriage which subtlety makes socially related comments on the unequal status of women. This originally descended from the cultural status of women at the time; if they were unmarried they were of a lower rank in society and potentially financially destitute. Conversely, the depiction of Cher’s character in Clueless is much more definite about exposing her faults. While she, like Emma, is popular amongst her peers, she also has ditzy and ignorant characteristics which are not present in Emma’s character. This change in characterization can be linked to the changes in social values and perceptions on the abilities of women; in the context of ‘Clueless’ it was no longer considered desirable for women to be culturally and academically ignorant. This change in cultural values follows from the stereotypical gender role of the typical popular teenager in the context of clueless. This stereotype of girls are characterized as a beautiful and wealthy but book-dumb teenager. There is no narrator present to comment on Cher’s character or to make ironic statements exposing her flaws like in Austen’s novel, so Cher’s characterization is presented as directly as possible. Film narration as a medium is objective, so Cher’s flaws are immediately visible to the movie’s audience and are not hidden by irony. Although Emma’s characterization was seen through the narrator’s comments, Cher’s characteristics were shown through her actions and her dialogue throughout the movie. Throughout the film, Cher’s expensive branded clothes are used as a symbolisation throughout the movie in order for the audience to perceive her a beautiful and wealthy girl. Her patriarchal values towards her fashion statements and shopping is seen through the opening scene of Cher becoming frustrated while picking through various expensive items in her closet to find an outfit. The notion of Cher being stereotyped into the classical 1990’s women also occurs in the scenes of when she goes to the mall and has a makeover to get ready when Christian arrives at her house. Cher’s book-dumb characteristic is shown through the symbolisation of the comparison of the TV shows both Cher and Josh watch. In the middle of the film, Cher is scene to change the channel from the news to her favourite cartoon which ultimately shows her lack of realisation of the non-materialistic events occurring around her. This symbolisation of the news channel later reoccurs when Cher states that she thought ‘they declared peace in the middle east’ when Josh had asked her why she looked confused watching the bombing and shooting attacks on television. The transformations of women stereotypes between ‘Emma’ and ‘Clueless’ shows a change in method to convey the gender roles and also alterations in concept in order to adapt to the modern cultural context.

Case Study Is About How Can One Abusive Customers Cause Emotions to Run High. Essays

Case Study Is About How Can One Abusive Customers Cause Emotions to Run High. Essays Case Study Is About How Can One Abusive Customers Cause Emotions to Run High. Paper Case Study Is About How Can One Abusive Customers Cause Emotions to Run High. Paper This case study is about how can one abusive customers cause emotions to run high. As the times improve with technology, we now have automated telephone system for customer service centre. But with this system, it creates a labyrinth for customers. Longer waiting time and thus its more difficult to speak to an actual human being. How mad can a customer get? Customer could rant and rave over some small issues and there’s an even vulgarity involved. There might be customers who can be racist towards the officer. Employees have no choice but to swallow down the hatred. Ad many companies require customer-service employees to display positive emotions at all times to maintain satisfied customers. But they cant expect it to just stop there. It could cause emotional instability to the employees. They are bringing home the negative feedback and emotion, might lead to a dispute within the family due to all the stress. Employees who are frustrated by the inability to do anything about abusive customers and the mood being caused can have psychology effect on them. Inasmuch as there are no ways of releasing the stress for them. Although some companies train their representatives on how to defuse a customers anger and to avoid being abuse personally but the effort isnt enough. If the training helps, employees who work on the phone would not have frequent absent or are more prone to illness and are more likely to make stress-related disability claims than other employees. Thus, emotions can run high and the effects can be damaging. The customer comes first has been heard by many. But companies should give attorney to employees on to deciding when it is appropriate to put customers second. This could help on reducing the stress level the employees have. 3. Questions and Answer 1. From an emotional labor perspective, how does dealing with an abusive customer lead to stress and burnout? Dealing with an abusive customer leads to stress and burnout, directly in proportion to the amount of time and level of hostility taken in the phone call. Even with using coping strategies such, it is difficult to not take such calls personally. In the long term, such negative emotion would have been accumulated until one cannot take it and explode suddenly. Emotional labor is a form of emotional regulation wherein workers are expected to display certain emotions as part of their job, and to promote organizational goals. The intended effects of these emotional displays are on other, targeted people, who can be clients, customers, subordinates or co-workers. It is an employee’s expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work. Employees can display fake emotion by acting. Such acting can take two forms: 1) Surface acting which involves hiding one’s inner feelings and refrain emotional expressions. ) Deep acting wherein they modify one’s true inner feelings to match the emotion expressions the organisation requires. This can be very mentally torturing and cause them to be stressful. Having to bottle up certain emotions in the name of customer service can cause a person to blow up later. Even with â€Å"thick skin,† stress will affect immunity and psychological well-being. This is not healthy for that person or for others around them. Stress is a complex issue and no two individuals will be affected in the same way by either work requirements or the work environment. In practice, it can be helpful to think of stress in terms of a simple ‘bucket’ model: The bucket model suggests that stress and fatigue result when a person’s reservoir of personal resilience is drained faster than it is replenished. The bucket model shows, there’s no point in ‘filling the bucket’ if stressors keep draining it quickly. Control of stressors is frequently needed in order to prevent stress building up. 2. If you were a recruiter for a customer-service call center, what personality types would you prefer to hire and why? In other words, what individual differences are likely to affect whether an employee can handle customer abuse on a day-to-day basis? It takes a very strong person to take day to day abuse by customers. Employers need to size up just how much abuse their employees need to take from a customer. A motto which people normally heard the customer is always right does not apply in every case. Finding the right personality for that job is not easy as there are many considerations to be taken of. I would avoid type A and competitive personalities as they tend to be more impatient, moving rapidly, spurring emotions and anger. The personality of the person that could fit such a position is someone calming; laid back; has a good sense of humor; and feels that if they have an extremely difficult situation that the Manager or Supervisor is there to deal with an unruly customer. Dealing with abusive customers takes team work in the company. Management has to decide what customers are worth having them come back for their services and not tolerate irate customers that nothing but trouble each and every time they walk through the door. 3. Emotional intelligence is one’s ability to detect and manage emotional cues and information. How might emotional intelligence play a role in responding to abusive customers? What facets of emotional intelligence might employees who are able to handle abusive customers possess? The higher the emotional intelligence, the more ability is readily available to compartmentalize job function and personal emotions. Emotional intelligence (EI) describes the ability, capacity, skill or, in the case of the trait EI model, a self-perceived grand ability to identify, assess, manage and control the emotions of ones self, of others, and of groups Emotional intelligence is composed of 5 dimensions: . Self-awareness – the ability to aware of one’s emotions ii. Self-management – the ability to manage your own emotions and impulse iii. Self-motivation – the ability to persist in the face of setbacks and failures iv. Empathy – the ability to sense how others are feeling v. Social skills – the ability to handle the emotions of others Those people, who ca n detect emotions in others, control their own emotions, and handle social interactions well have a powerful leg up in the business world. People who have high level of EI perform well in their job. The ability to deal patiently with their problems and complaints, and to remain courteous even when our customers are difficult or angry, is very important. One has to be a patient, professional, and polite â€Å"people person†- even when dealing with unhappy customers and able to work with emotionally and mentally challenged people. 4. Article 2 5. Summary 6. Question Answer 2. What mistakes do you think each party made? Mr. Korman made the mistake of assuming Ms. Abdala would agree with the salary cut and went ahead and ordered stationary and business cards for her, when he hadn’t even talked to her about the reduced salary. She had accepted the job based on certain conditions; salary being one of those. Since Mr. Korman breeched their agreement by cutting her salary after an agreement had been reached, she has a right to rethink acceptance of a job offer. However, she should have done it in a more professional manner; in person to his face and explain that she accepted the job based on certain agreed upon conditions, salary being one of them and that it was poor form on his part to cut her salary and assume that she would be accepting of that. Her method of informing Mr. Korman of her change of mind was unprofessional and discourteous, given the time and effort already invested by Mr. Korman. The situation should be done by a formal letter rather than an email. The tone of her email was also rude. She should simply have declined the position, not implied that it was underpaid. Forwarding it to a colleague was a breach of etiquette on Mr. Kormans part, but I would stop short of calling it unethical, since Ms. Abdala chose to use email to convey her message. However, he did not have her consent to forward her emails sent to him to other people, especially those from outside of his office. I unequivocally think it was wrong to forward this email to anyone. It turned an annoying wart of an interchange into a triage situation. One has to be very careful what you put in writing! Bla, bla, bla? Choosing phrases like this can damage ones reputation beyond repair. Ill also say his first response to her email was both professional and restrained. Neither of these people was particularly ethical or intelligent. 3. Do you think this exchange will damage Abdala’s career? Korman’s firm? Yes, this exchange will damage both Abdala’s career as well as Korman’s firm. They have I think both of them handled this poorly; Korman for not putting the offer in writing then changing the terms of that offer, and Abdala for responding so immaturely. I can’t believe that both these people are in the legal profession, considering that not only is their spelling atrocious, but their conduct is totally unprofessional in any field. I believe nobody would ever deal with an employer or employee in this way! . Amazingly, Abdala is not concerned in the least with how the outing of her attitude, poor communications style, and either lack of spelling acumen or mixing of metaphors will impact her employability as an attorney. Nor is she concerned that this has now been forwarded to several thousand people, at last count, and posted around the world. In fact, she is quoted as saying â€Å"I’m not upset at all. I’m enjoying the notoriety. † Both parties appear to be very unprofessional, extremely dim and informal. I believe that Ms. Abdala should have found a better way of backing out of her agreement. I believe her comments and actions were immature from start to finish. I also believe Mr. Korman should not have forwarded the emails; there is no question he knew the damage they could inflict on Ms. Abdalas [questionable] reputation. Therefore, we can only surmise he indeed did hope to damage that reputation. 4. What does this exchange tell you about the limitations of e-mails? There is always a limitation of e-mails. Thats when the exchange, by Korman and Abdala, began whipping through cyberspace, landing in e-mail in-boxes around the city and country, and, eventually, across the Atlantic. In short order, it has become yet another cautionary tale that you should definitely not put in an e-mail anything you wouldnt want the rest of the world to read. Things to consider before venting in email: Would I say this to this person’s face? Am I putting the receiver in awkward position? How would I feel if I got this email message? Usually, by the time you consider the above questions you will be calm enough to write your message with a different approach. Catching someone by surprise in a flaming message is a quick way to alienate your reader mainly because they will react wit h anger or embarrassment. When it appears that a dialogue has turned into a conflict, it is best to suggest an end to the swapping of email and for you to talk or meet in person. If you receive a flaming email try to respond in a short and simple response. If that does not appease the flamer than make contact with him or her outside the virtual realm. 7. Referencing Shellenbarger, S. (2004, February 5). Domino Effect: The Unintended Results of Telling Off Customer-Service Staff. Wall Street Journal. p. D1. Robbins, S. P. (2010). Person International Edition: Essentials of Organisational Behaviour (10th Edition). Karr, k. (2009, June 23). Retrieved from mood. ws/ (2003). Healthy Work: Managing Stress in the Workplace Act. New Zealand. Retrieved from osh. govt. nz/order/catalogue/stress/managestress. pdf Kurtzig, A. (2003). Retrieved from justanswer. com/business/ Anne. (2006, February 23). The Story Of Annes Life. Retrieved from theinternetpatrol. com/when-emails-haunt-you-the-saga-of-william-korman-and-diana-abdala/ (2006, February 27). Retrieved from http://nogovernmentcheese. blogspot. com/2006_02_01_archive. html Goodwin, C. (2011). Retrieved from http://midlifecareerstrategy. com/blog/archives/22

Advanced research methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advanced research methods - Essay Example Some individuals are more susceptible to stresses than others. Individuals that are often stressed may have built up some form of a tolerance enabling them to work better under the stress and elevated cortisol than others. Further limitations of this study include the small sample size. In addition the research study does not determine the possible long term effects of individuals administered cortisone and the effects on the memory. Although the research demonstrated that individuals given higher doses (in this situation specifically women) were shown to have a decrease in short term memory the research does not assess the dose given and possible variables that could alter the results. Among these variables are certain psychological conditions such as anxiety, clinical depression, schizophrenia and thyroid problems. All of these psychological conditions can alter the way the individual perceives the stresses associated with high cortisone levels. Researchers also fail to establish i f participants are taking medication. Medication can affect the way cortisol effects the participants. In order to address these limitations in the study I proposed a further research be done in the form of a new study. I hypothesize that cortisol will decrease immediate memory performance but will yield long term memory increases for neutral stimuli. In this study the dependent variables is the cortisol the participant received. The independent variable will be the dosage of cortisol that was administered to the participant dependent upon the group (15mgs, 20mgs, 25mgs, 30mgs). Participants will be measured in 8x2 groups of 20 in two different conditions. One group will view fifty non-emotive pictures. The second group will be read a detailed story. The groups will be further divided into groups of ten through random assignment. When the participant takes the test is dependent upon which group of ten the participant is in. The

Computer Sciences and Information Technology Essay - 3

Computer Sciences and Information Technology - Essay Example From the discussion it is clear that the growth in the use of the Internet has resulted in the use of more multimedia components, which require greater network bandwidth and consequently new network considerations. Audio and video as multimedia components require large bandwidth for transmission, and therefore pose a very real threat to overloading the connections and hampering other transmissions in the process. The quagmire has led to the development of a technique to prevent the risk of network collapse through overload. TCP is presently the most popular end-to-end congestion control mechanism in use. From TCP transmission properties emerged TCP friendly transmission, a connection standard that ensures the integrity and reliability of the network amidst heavy usage for multimedia streaming transmissions. TCP is the most common congestion control mechanism over the Internet.As the essay highlights  most of the Internet traffic is TCP based, consequently, the need for congestion c ontrol protocols to be TCP friendly is indisputable. Therefore, the rate at which non-TCP flows send data should be as close as possible to the TCP rates, otherwise called TCP friendly. In summary, TCP friendly flow of streaming media is one that makes similar utilization of the network resources as a standard non-conforming TCP under similar circumstances. Real-time multimedia applications streaming over the internet usually require special network circumstances to avoid congestion, as they may consume large amounts of bandwidth and cause packet drops. (Wang, Long, Cheng and Zhang, 2000). TCP friendly flows offer a means of congestion control, allowing applications to make better use of the network, and prevent the uneventful network malfunction that results in the crippling congestive collapse in computer networks. Usually, UDP traffic, mainly for the transmission of stored streaming audio over the Internet, consumes higher than normal bandwidth, which poses a risk to other networ k connections (Wang et al, 2000). As such, UDP connections result in congestion in the networks, and unfairly interference with initially responsive TCP connections due to the greater load on the network resources. Consequently, UDP, a non-TCP protocol needs to adaptation to bandwidth control mechanisms to make it TCP-friendly, and therefore make similar use of network resources as the more regular TCP connections. There exist a number of congestive friendly mechanisms. For instance, end-to-end TCP friendly congestion control mechanism reduces the load on the network when packet drops occur (Wang et al, 2000). The end-to-end congestion control is useful for both responsive and unresponsive network flows. However, end-to-end TCP friendly congestion control can only detect congestion through delays and loss in data packets, which means that their reaction is usually too late. Alternatives that are more efficient include hop-by-hop congestion control, which are better at avoiding conge stion before it occurs (Wang et al, 200